应用文写作－便笺(便条)和短信

一、概述便条也是书信的一种形式。它的特点是内容简短，主要有临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。跟正规书信相比，便条的语言比较口头化，比如要通知某事只需这样开头：justalinetotellyouthatx而无须像正规书信那样thisistoinformyouthatx开头。另外，在便条中常出现省略现象，例如：“keytobackdoorisundermat.”或者“keytobackdoorundermat.”（后门钥匙在垫子下面）代之以“thekeytothebackdoorisunderthemat.”。结束时也无需结尾礼词，只需写上写便条者姓名。如果是关系比较近的人，则只需写上姓或名。便条的日期通常写在右上角。一般只写上星期几或者星期几上午或下午，也可写上午、下午的具体时刻。日常应用中，写上几月几日的也很普遍。但一般不写年份，因为便条的内容多半是当日或近日内要办的事情。写便条时，不得事先准备，因此无固定格式，大多用手写。二、注意事项1.词句简洁，尽量避免应酬语和各种敬词2.切忌内容空洞、言不达意。三、分类举例1）请假（askingforleave）例1directions：youareabouttowriteabusinessleavenoteofabout100words.pleasedescribetheseinformationclearly.1）thereasonyouaskfortheleave2）thetimeandhowlongyouwillleaveclass4，grade3aug.22ndtodepartmentofficesecretaryli，i39msorrytoapplyfortenday39sleavefromtheaug.23rdtosept，3rdinstant.asihavetoleavewiththetimeisurgent.myfathernowinthehospitalisbadlyill.ihavetogotoseehimandtakecareofhimforafewdays.youknowi39mtheonlychildinmyfamily.ofcourseiwillshowyouthetelegramaboutmyfathersillnesswhichisrecievedfrommymothertosupportmyapplication.asconcernasthemissedlessonsduringmyabsence，ipromiseiwilldomybesttocatchthemonafteriebacktothecampus.wishforyourallowance.yoursrespectfully本文是一封请假条，一般我们要向上级或老师请假，通常用的是ackforleave这个短语，请三天假可写作：askforthreedays39leave；因病请假则是askforsickleave.leave在这里是名词用法，文中用的短语是applyfor意为“申请”，含有更加郑重的意味，常用于下级对上级或晚辈对长辈的书面语中，“onlychild”意为“独生子女”相应的，“独生女”译作“onlydaughter”而“独生子”译作“onlyson”。asconcernas.后面跟名词性结构，意为“涉及到，至于”与concerning同意，两者可以互换。例2directions：yourfatherisseriouslyill，andyouwanttogobackhome.writeanotetothesecretaryanditshouldinclude.1）thecauseforleaving；2）thedays：from16thto21st；3）catchonthelessonafterreturningschool.july5thdearmisshuang，mysistercalledmelastnight，andshesaidthatmyfatherisdangerouslyill.ibeoapplyforsevendays39leaveofabsencefrom16thto21stinstant，inorderthaticanseemybelovedfather.ishouldbemuchobligedifyouwouldgrantmemyapplication.asregardsthelessonstobemissedduringmyabsence，iwilldomybesttomakeupforthemassoonasigetbackfromhome.sincerelyyours，本格式采用thesemiindentedform（半缩进式），以前比较流行，现在人们也继续采用。ishouldbemuchobligedifyouwouldx是一种客套语，表示“结果x，我当不胜感激。”“补课”的英文是tomakeupforthelessons.assoonas意思是一x就。2）约请（invitation）例1directions：youhaveatickettotherussiannationalballettroupe，whichisvisitingandyouwanttogiveittoyourfriendalice.writeanotetoherandsay：1）thetimeoftheshow，2）theplacewhereyouwillwaitforheryoushouldwriteabout100words.sundaydearalice，hereisapieceofgoodnewsforyou.therussiannationalballettroupe，whichisnowonavisitinbeijing，willgiveaperformanceinthebeijinggrandtheatertomorrowevening.iamsurethatyouwillbehappytowatchit.hereileaveyouanadmissioncard.theperformancewillbeginatseveno39clocksharp.iwillwaitforyouatthetheaterentrance.pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouarepreventedfromingornot.约朋友一起去看戏，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一张便条，但又怕朋友来不了，所以在便条最后特地写上“如果你来不了，告诉我一声”（pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouarepreventedfroming）此文的waitfor也可以用epect代替。3）道歉（apology）人非圣贤，孰能无过。在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。如果发生此类事情，就会给对方带来麻烦和不便。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。此类信要写得及时，态度要诚恳，用词需谦逊。一般在信一开始就向对方表示歉意或内疚，然后说明原因并提出补救的办法。例1directions：youhavemissedadateofyourfriend，nowyouhavetowritealetterforappologizationinabout100words.may20thdearlily，iamsorryimissedseeingyouyesterday.iknowthatyoumusthavebeendisappointed.ialsofeelworriedandaniousinmyheart.thefactisthatmymanageratthelastmomentaskedmetoprepareaurgentplanwhileicouldnotgettoaphonetocallyouandyesterdayihaveworkedlateuntilabout8：30p.m.iamterriblysorry.however，iwouldliketoaskyououtthisweekendtomakeupforyesterday.pleasegivemeachanceandiamwaitingforyourreply.临时有事未能赴约，一定要把事情解释清楚并真诚的道歉，最好能有弥补（tomakeup），就像这封信里所说的那样，邀请对方周末再碰头（iwouldliketoaskyououtthisweekend）注意英文句子youmusthavebeendisappointed中情态动词的用法：情态动词+完成时态，表示过去行为。这句话应该理解为“你当时一定感到很失望”。例2directions：youhavereceivedainvitationfromyourfriend，butyouhavealreadyhadsomeguestsinyourhouse.pleaseepressthereasonyoucan39tgoclearlyinabout100words.6.aprildearlucy，idoappologizeforhavinosendthisletteraboutsaturdaynight.wheniacceptedyourinvitation，isimplyforgotthatsaturdaywasaholidayandthatmyownguestswerenotleavinguntilsundaymorning.itisdifficuformetomakeachoice.thoughialsowondertomeetyouverymuch.icouldnotverywellgooutbymyselfandleavetheguestsatmyhome.ihopeyouknowhowsorryiamnottobewithyouthissaturday.shouldimakeavisittoyouinmyothersparetime？thankyouverymuch.自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受别人邀请去做客所以可以明正言顺的表示拒绝或可另约时间。英文要强调谓语动词，可以加上助动词，例如：idoapologizeforbeinglate.hedideyesterday.例3directions：youarealreadyhaveadatewithyourfriendbutsuddenlyhaveanotherthinodoandyouhavetotellyourfriendthatyoucan39tgo.epressyourreasonclearlyinabout100words.monday9：00a.mdearjane，iamsorrytotellyouthatiwon39tbeabletoethisafternoonbecauseihavetogototheairportat2：00p.m.tomeetanoverseasvisitorfromaustralia.ireallyhavekeptourdatdinmymindalhesedays，however，ireceivedmyboss39emaihismorning，heaskedmetogototheairporttomeetoneofhisfriendsfromabroad，it39ssuddenlyandurgentandimustgo.pleaseforgiveme.wouldyoupleaseringmeuptomakeanothertime？manythanks.因有事而不能赴约，只能另约时间（tomake或tofianothertime）。写信人bluce很可能是英国人，因为他把“打电话”说成toringsomebodyup，美国人通常说tocallsomebody.英国人打电话还可以说togivesomebodyaring，不要错以为别人要送你个戒指。与别人已经定好的约会却临时不能赴约时，应说明原因并诚恳地道歉，以期获得别人的谅解。4）借物（borrowing）例directions：youaregoinowriteanoteforborrowingsth.pleasedeseribetheseinformationclearly.1）thethingyouask2）detailedwhatyouaregoinodowithit.3）howlongwillyoutakeit.tuesdaydeariaowang：iwonderificouldborrowyourelectronicdictionaryforafewdays.nowiamtranslatingsomeimportantarticles.therearemanynewwordswhichihavetolookupthedictionaryusually.ijusthaveapaperdictionarybutofcourseit39snotasconvenientastheelectronicone，whichhasabadeffectuponmyvelocityofmytranslating.soithinkyourelectonicdictionaryismoresuitableformetopletemywork.ipromisethatimustbeverycarefulofyourdictionaryandmakenodamagedoneonit.thankyouverymuch！yoursever字典是我们日常生活中常用的学习工具，但是千万不能直接从字面上认为“查字典”就是“checkthedictionary”，而应该用“lookup”这个固定短语来表达。“影响x”有一个很地道的短语。“haveeffectupon/on”，后面接受影响的人或物，如果是积极影响就在have和effect之间加agood，反之，就加“abad”其他的形容词例如great，remarkable也可以用来修饰effect，此词在这里是名词。5）回复友人问侯（replyforregards）例directions：youavejusthadaoperation，andreceivedanoteofregardsfromyourfriendjenny.nowpleasewriteareplytohertotellheryourcurrentsituation.youshouldwriteabout100words.jan.8th.dearjenny，thanksforyourletterofsympthyireceivedthedaybeforeyesterday.theoperationonmylegwasawonderfulsuccess.youknowihadbeensufferingalotfrommylegsincemychildhood.theoperationremovedthecauseoftrouble.itisquiteworthhavinheoperation.iamdailyrecoveringfrommyillness.i39mconfidentiwillsoonbeintheofficeagainafterpropertreatment.thankyouforkindwishes.mybestwishestoallyourfamily这是对好友问侯便条的回复。形式简单，内容明了。过去完成进行时“ihadbeensufferingxmychildhood”表示动作从过去一直持续到现在